What Does An Ear Infection Look Like In A Dog?

What are the visible signs?

Lift your dog's ear flap and look inside. A healthy ear is pale pink, clean, and odorless. An infected ear shows redness, swelling, and often a discharge that can range from dark brown and waxy (yeast infection) to yellow or greenish (bacterial infection) to bloody (severe infection or trauma from scratching). The skin inside the ear may look inflamed, crusty, or scaly. In advanced infections, the ear canal can narrow from swelling, making it difficult to see deep inside. A foul smell from the ear is one of the earliest and most reliable signs.

What behavioral changes indicate an ear infection?

Persistent head shaking is the most common behavioral sign. Dogs also scratch at the affected ear repeatedly, rub their head against furniture or the floor, and may tilt their head to one side. Some dogs become reluctant to have their head or ears touched and may flinch or cry when the ear is handled. Loss of balance or walking in circles can indicate that the infection has reached the middle or inner ear, which is a more serious condition requiring prompt veterinary attention. Changes in appetite and overall energy level can accompany severe infections.

What causes ear infections in dogs?

Bacteria and yeast are the most common infectious agents, but the underlying trigger varies. Allergies (environmental or food-related) are the leading predisposing factor, causing inflammation that creates conditions favorable for infection. Moisture trapped in the ear canal from swimming or bathing promotes bacterial and yeast growth. Ear mites, foreign objects, and excessive ear wax buildup are other causes. Dogs with floppy ears, narrow ear canals, or excessive ear hair are anatomically predisposed. Breeds like Cocker Spaniels, Basset Hounds, and Labrador Retrievers are among the most commonly affected.

When should you see the vet?

See your vet at the first sign of infection. Ear infections do not resolve on their own and worsen without treatment, potentially spreading from the outer ear canal to the middle and inner ear, where they can cause permanent hearing damage and neurological symptoms. Your vet will examine the ear, identify the type of infection (bacterial, yeast, or both), and prescribe appropriate medication, typically ear drops used for one to two weeks. Do not use over-the-counter ear cleaners or home remedies as a substitute for veterinary treatment; incorrect treatment can make the infection worse or mask symptoms while the underlying problem progresses.